‘Challenging behaviour’ is a label, and one that is often misused in the context of mental health. Using a profile, this article identifies a number of behaviours that may challenge service. Peter has HIV and has developed a related opportunistic illness, affecting brain function. The author stresses the importance of person-centred care, urging providers to audit their services and evaluate the requirement for alterations to assessment documentation to meet the changing needs of individuals, families and children living with HIV/AIDS.

‘Challenging behaviour’ is not a recognisable condition with a single method of care and management. It is a convenient term used to describe a range of behaviours that, according to their severity, persistence and presentation, significantly affect the quality of life for the individual and often for his or her family and friends (Emerson et al 1995). The behaviour may challenge existing service provision, and specialised assessment and intervention may be needed. Peter’s situation (Box 1) showed that behaviours that challenge can significantly reduce opportunities for general social interaction and experiences.